Exploring the Benefits of Papain

Papain

You may know of papaya as the orange-colored tropical fruit that’s consumed for its flavor and impressive nutrient profile, but how often do you think about its star ingredient — papain?

Papain is a special enzyme that’s found in raw papaya. It’s popular in folk medicine because of its ability to break down proteins, aid digestion and reduce inflammation.

Like bromelain, which is found in pineapple, papain is available in many forms, from capsules to topicals. The two enzymes are commonly combined in commercial products for their anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects.

What Is Papain? How Does It Work?

Papain is a proteolytic enzyme that’s found in papaya. The papaya fruit, Carica papaya, actually contains several proteolytic enzymes, including papain, chymopapain A, chymopapain B and papaya peptidase A.

The most well-known enzyme of the bunch, papain, is present in the immature fruit of the female papaya plant. It’s also in the leaves, roots and latex sap of the plant.

Papain helps break down the bonds between amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. Like all proteolytic enzymes, it breaks the long chain-like molecules of proteins into shorter fragments, called peptides, and then into their components, called amino acids.

The papaya enzyme has also proven to exhibit wound-healing, infection-fighting and pain-relieving effects.

Top 6 Benefits

1. Aids Digestion

Papain supplements are used to improve gastrointestinal dysfunction and common digestive issues like bloating and constipation.

Like other protease enzymes, studies show that papain helps the body break down protein foods, like animal meat. But this papaya enzyme does not require the presence of acid to do its job.

This means that even people with low stomach acid, who would usually have difficulty breaking down and digesting certain types of meat, may benefit from papain supplements.

2. Reduces Inflammation

Papain has been shown to reduce inflammation in patients with asthma, arthritis and other inflammatory conditions.

Research published in 2013 in the journal Nutrition Review indicates that proteolytic enzymes, including papain and trypsin, can break down pathogenic immune complexes and even prevent their formation in the first place.

This means that papain may be able to prevent inflammation from occurring, thereby enhancing lymphatic drainage and having regulatory effects on the immune system.

A review of literature published in the Journal of Immunotoxicology found that both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that papaya extracts and papaya-associated phytochemicals have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, but more clinical studies are needed to fully understand these effects.

3. Relieves Pain

Several studies indicate that the papaya enzyme works to relieve pain in a number of areas, including muscle pain from intense workouts, sore throat pain and pain associated with shingles.

A study published in the Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry found that a papain-based gel called Papacarie was effective in removing infected tissues among patients with caries, or decaying teeth.

Studies show that the gel helps reduce pain and inflammation without the need for anesthesia or drilling during tooth removal.

A study published in the Journal of Sports Science shows that taking a protease supplement containing the papaya enzyme may help relieve muscle pain that’s caused by running.

The participants consumed protease tablets that contained 50 milligrams of papain, in addition to other enzymes like bromelain, trypsin, amylase and lipase. After taking two tablets, four times a day for four days, runners demonstrated superior recovery and reduced muscle soreness compared to the placebo group.

In addition, a 1995 German study evaluated the efficacy of an enzyme combination containing papain for herpes zoster, or shingles.

Researchers found that the enzyme preparation showed identical efficacy with acyclovir, an antiviral medication that’s used to treat herpes virus infections. The enzyme combination was able to reduce pain associated with shingles after 14 days of treatment.

4. May Have Anti-Tumor Effects

An animal study conducted in Italy found that when cancerous mice were immunized with papain, they exhibited an increased mean survival time compared to the non-immunized controls.

The growth rate, invasion and metastasis of cancerous tumors were inhibited in the mice after receiving papain immunization.

5. Fights Infections

Papain has been used in nontraditional wound care because of its antiviral and antifungal properties.

It appears that papain works to fight infections by destroying the layer of protein that protects fungi and viruses against attacks. This decreases their ability to reproduce, spread and cause infections.

6. Supports Wound Healing

Topical papaya enzyme products are often used for their wound-healing effects, although the FDA warns consumers about possible allergic reactions when applying the enzyme topically.

There are preliminary studies supporting the papaya enzyme’s ability to support wound healing. A 2010 animal study conducted in Malaysia found that a papain-based wound cleanser helped with wound reduction, promoted collagen deposition and exhibited antibacterial properties.

Risks and Side Effects

Papain is considered safe when it’s consumed in normal amounts found in foods, and it’s considered “possibly safe” when taken by mouth in appropriate amounts.

According to research published by the Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, consuming excessive amounts of the enzyme can lead to papain side effects, including stomach discomfort, throat irritation and gastritis.

There is concern about the possibility of allergic reactions when using creams or ointments made with the enzyme topically. If you have an allergy or sensitivity to papain, you may experience skin irritation, redness or blisters when you apply the enzyme to your skin.

It’s believed that people who are allergic to kiwi and fig may also be allergic to papain. People who experience allergy symptoms after being exposed to these fruits should definitely be cautious when using papain topically or internally.

Because papain may lower blood pressure, people with diabetes and hypoglycemia should use the enzyme with caution and under the care of a health care professional.

The enzyme should not be consumed or used by people who are on blood thinners, as it may increase your bleeding risk. It’s also important to avoid using it at least two weeks before any scheduled surgery.

It’s is not considered safe to use papain supplements during pregnancy or while nursing.

Sources and Dosage Recommendations

Papain is available in several forms, including as capsules, tablets, powders, chewable gummies, creams and ointments.

There are no official guidelines for the use of papain. Dosages that fall between 25–100 milligrams daily are generally considered safe.

It’s best to consult your health care professional before using papain in order to pinpoint an appropriate dosage for your health needs.

Consuming too much papain can lead to adverse side effects, so avoid exceeding 400 milligrams per day, unless advised otherwise by your doctor. There is some evidence that taking higher amounts (up to 1,500 milligrams per day by mouth) of the enzyme can be beneficial, but this should be approved by your doctor.

Papain topicals, including creams and ointments, can be applied to areas of inflammation, redness, burning sensation and pain. Before using the topical on a large surface area, perform a patch test to rule out an allergy or sensitivity to the enzyme.

Final Thoughts

• The papain definition is a proteolytic enzyme that comes from the papaya plant. It works to break down proteins into amino acids.
• There are many papain preparations. The enzyme is commonly taken in supplement form or applied topically to reduce inflammation, promote wound healing, aid digestion and fight pain.
• Sometimes it’s combined with other beneficial enzymes, like bromelain and trypsin.
• Doses between 25–100 milligrams are considered safe for most people using papaya pills or supplements. A higher dose should be cleared with your healthcare professional.
• Before using the enzyme topically, perform a patch test to ensure that you don’t have an allergy.

What is the scientific name of Papaya?

The scientific name of Papaya is Carica papaya. The genus name “Carica” originates from the Greek word “karuika,” meaning a kind of fig, emphasizing the fruit’s resemblance to figs in certain aspects.

Does Papaya have other common names?

Papaya boasts various common names across different regions and cultures. In Spanish-speaking countries, it’s often referred to as “fruta bomba” or “lechosa.” In India, it’s known as “papita” or “papita ka phal.” These regional names reflect the fruit’s widespread cultivation and consumption globally.

What is Papaya’s traditional and modern medicinal use?

Traditionally, papaya has been utilized for its medicinal properties. Its enzyme, papain, aids in digestion and is a common ingredient in digestive enzyme supplements. Moreover, the fruit contains antioxidants like beta-carotene and vitamins C and E, promoting overall health. In traditional medicine, papaya has been used to treat digestive issues, wounds, and skin conditions due to its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

What nutrients (vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, etc.) does Papaya contain?

In modern times, papaya continues to be valued for its medicinal potential. Research suggests its enzymes may aid in wound healing and may have anti-cancer properties. Additionally, its rich vitamin content supports immune function and eye health. While it’s a delicious addition to meals, its nutritional and potential medicinal benefits make papaya a sought-after fruit in various forms, from fresh slices to juices and supplements.

Where is Papaya usually sourced or cultivated?

Papaya is primarily cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions globally. Countries like India, Brazil, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Mexico are significant producers. Its cultivation requires warm temperatures, adequate sunlight, and well-drained soil, making regions with these conditions ideal for papaya farming. In the United States, papaya cultivation mainly occurs in states like Hawaii and Florida, benefiting from the suitable climate.

How does Papaya taste, and can it be mixed with other herbs or foods for palatability?

Papaya has a sweet, tropical flavor with a hint of tanginess. Its taste profile makes it versatile for mixing with other herbs or foods. It pairs well with citrus fruits, adding a refreshing twist to salads or salsas. Additionally, blending papaya with yogurt or using it in smoothies can enhance its palatability. It also complements savory dishes like seafood or grilled meats, balancing their flavors with its natural sweetness.

What other supplements work well together with Papaya?
Papaya can complement a variety of herbal supplements, creating synergistic effects that support overall health and well-being. Here are some herbal supplements that work well together with papaya:

Bromelain (from Pineapple): Combining papaya with bromelain, an enzyme found in pineapple, may enhance digestive support. Both enzymes can assist in breaking down proteins, supporting a healthy digestive system.
Turmeric (Curcumin): Papaya and Turmeric, specifically its active compound curcumin, can work together to provide anti-inflammatory benefits. This combination may offer joint support and aid in managing inflammation.
Ginger Root: Ginger and papaya are both known for their digestive benefits. Combining them may help alleviate symptoms of indigestion, bloating, and nausea while promoting overall digestive health.
Peppermint: Papaya and peppermint can be a soothing combination for digestive discomfort. Peppermint may help relax the muscles of the gastrointestinal tract, and when paired with papaya, it can contribute to a calming effect.
Chamomile: Combining papaya with Chamomile can create a calming and digestive-friendly duo. Chamomile is known for its soothing properties and may aid in relieving digestive discomfort.
Probiotics: Incorporating papaya with a high-quality probiotic supplement can promote a balanced gut microbiome. Papaya’s enzymes may complement the action of probiotics, contributing to improved digestion and nutrient absorption.
Dandelion Root: Papaya and Dandelion root may work well together for liver support. Dandelion root is believed to support liver function, and when combined with papaya, it can contribute to overall liver health.
Milk Thistle: Pairing papaya with Milk Thistle can provide comprehensive liver support. Both herbs are known for their potential to promote liver detoxification and overall liver health.
Aloe Vera: Combining papaya with aloe vera may promote digestive wellness. Aloe vera’s soothing properties combined with papaya’s enzymes can support a healthy gut environment.

Does Papaya have any spiritual or ceremonial significance in certain traditions?

In certain traditions, papaya doesn’t hold overt spiritual or ceremonial significance. However, its abundance in tropical regions has attributed symbolic meanings in some cultures, representing fertility, health, and abundance. In folk beliefs, consuming papaya is sometimes linked with invoking good luck or prosperity, but it doesn’t hold deeply ingrained spiritual rituals or ceremonial practices in most traditions.

Are there any variations in Papaya’s potency based on its geographic origin?

The potency of papaya can indeed vary based on its geographic origin. Factors like climate, soil quality, and growing conditions can influence the fruit’s nutrient content and overall potency. Generally, papayas grown in regions with rich, fertile soil and favorable climates might exhibit a higher nutrient profile compared to those grown in less optimal conditions.

Does Papaya have a known effect on specific organs or body systems?

Papaya is recognized for its potential effects on specific organs and body systems. Its rich enzyme content, especially papain, supports digestive health by aiding in the breakdown of proteins. Additionally, papaya contains antioxidants like vitamin C, which can contribute to overall immune system support and skin health.