Sesame seeds: ancient seeds that may help support blood pressure and cholesterol

Answer: Sesame seeds are rich in plant compounds, healthy fats, and minerals that may help support healthy blood pressure and cholesterol when eaten regularly as part of a balanced diet.Healthline – Healthline.com Human and animal studies suggest that the sesame compound sesamin and related lignans may slightly lower blood pressure and improve blood lipids, which can be meaningful for heart health over time.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine However, sesame seeds are not a stand‑alone treatment, so anyone with high blood pressure or high cholesterol may want to discuss them with a healthcare professional before using them therapeutically.WebMD – WebMD.com

Wooden spoon filled with sesame seeds on a rustic table, emphasizing their small size and texture

Sesame seeds show up on burger buns and in tahini, but many people don’t realize these tiny seeds may play a quiet supporting role in heart health. This guide explains how sesame seeds may help with blood pressure and cholesterol, how to use them in everyday meals, and what to consider for safety and balance.

Sesame seeds, blood pressure & cholesterol: context and common issues

Small bowl of mixed black and white sesame seeds on a wooden surface

High blood pressure and unhealthy cholesterol patterns are two of the most important risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Many people look for food‑first strategies to support their numbers alongside medical care, and nutrient‑dense seeds like sesame have become a popular option.

According to a review on sesamin, a major lignan in sesame, supplements or sesame‑rich diets have been associated with modest reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as decreases in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in various human and animal studies.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine Nutrition analyses also show that sesame seeds provide healthy fats, fiber, and minerals such as magnesium that are all relevant to heart and vascular health.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com

Expert insight: “Even small improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol from lifestyle changes may translate into meaningful reductions in cardiovascular risk over time when combined with standard care,” notes Dr. Michael Greger, physician and founder of NutritionFacts.org, discussing dietary sources of sesamin and phytosterols.

At the same time, sesame seeds are calorie‑dense, can trigger allergies in some people, and do not replace prescribed medications. They work best as one supportive piece of an overall eating pattern rich in plants, movement, and medical follow‑up.

Key terms to know

Blood pressure: The force of blood pushing against artery walls. High blood pressure increases strain on the heart and vessels.

Cholesterol: A waxy substance in the blood. The body needs some, but high levels of LDL (often called “bad” cholesterol) are linked with artery plaque.

Triglycerides: A type of fat in the blood. Elevated levels may raise heart disease risk.

Lignans: Plant compounds in sesame seeds (such as sesamin) with antioxidant and potential heart‑supportive effects.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine

Phytosterols: Plant sterols that resemble cholesterol and may help reduce cholesterol absorption in the gut.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com

How sesame seeds may support blood pressure & cholesterol

Bowl of hummus topped with olive oil and sesame seeds, highlighting tahini as a sesame-based food

Nutrients and compounds that may help

Sesame seeds pack several nutrients linked with cardiovascular support:

What the research suggests about blood pressure

Clinical and experimental studies highlight several potential blood pressure benefits:

  • Healthline summarizes that sesame seeds are rich in magnesium and antioxidants such as lignans and vitamin E, which may help maintain healthy blood pressure and reduce arterial plaque formation.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com
  • A review of sesamin reports that this compound has been shown to lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in animal models and in small human studies, including people with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine
  • NutritionFacts.org notes that adding sesame seeds to the diet lowered blood pressure “a few points” in human trials, and highlights that even this modest shift may correspond to a noticeable reduction in stroke and heart attack risk on a population level.Sesame seeds – NutritionFacts.org

One review emphasizes that even a 2–3 mmHg drop in blood pressure may translate into fewer cardiovascular events when seen across large groups of people.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine Still, individual responses to sesame seeds vary, and the effect size in everyday life may be small.

What the research suggests about cholesterol and triglycerides

Sesame seeds’ relationship with cholesterol centers on their fats, lignans, and phytosterols:

  • Healthline describes a study where people with high blood lipids who ate several tablespoons of hulled sesame seeds daily saw meaningful reductions in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides compared with a control group.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com
  • A review in the National Library of Medicine notes that sesamin may inhibit cholesterol absorption and synthesis, and sesame oil reduced LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in animal models, while also reducing inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine
  • WebMD highlights that sesame seeds have a particularly high phytosterol content, and that these plant sterols can help lower cholesterol by competing with dietary cholesterol for absorption in the digestive tract.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com

All of this supports the idea that sesame seeds may play a small but helpful role in a cholesterol‑friendly eating pattern that already includes plenty of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and other seeds and nuts.

Other wellness benefits that may matter

Beyond blood pressure and cholesterol, sesame seeds may offer additional health‑supportive properties:

These wider effects may indirectly support heart health as part of an overall lifestyle that reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.

How to use sesame seeds for everyday support

Types of sesame seeds and products

People use sesame seeds in many forms:

  • Whole sesame seeds: White, brown, or black varieties; can be hulled (outer shell removed) or unhulled (with the bran‑rich hull).
  • Toasted sesame seeds: Roasting deepens flavor but very high heat may reduce some heat‑sensitive nutrients.
  • Sesame oil: Used in small amounts for flavor and cooking; typically filtered and more concentrated in fat‑soluble compounds.
  • Tahini: A smooth paste made from ground sesame seeds, often used in dips and dressings.
  • Sesame‑based seasonings: Blends like gomasio or spice mixes that combine sesame with salt and herbs.

Black sesame seeds, in particular, are sometimes highlighted for higher antioxidant levels and traditional use in rituals and herbal practices, though research is still emerging.Black Sesame Seeds: Evidence-Based Health Benefits – News-Medical.net

Simple ways to add sesame seeds to your meals

Here are accessible ways many people incorporate sesame seeds into their diet:

  • Sprinkle toasted sesame seeds over steamed vegetables, stir‑fries, or grain bowls.
  • Whisk tahini with lemon, garlic, and water for a creamy, dairy‑free salad dressing or dip.
  • Stir a spoonful of sesame seeds into oatmeal or yogurt along with fruit for extra texture and healthy fats.
  • Use a sesame and herb crust on baked fish, tofu, or tempeh instead of a breaded coating.
  • Mix sesame seeds into homemade granola or energy bites for a nutrient‑dense snack.

Whole or lightly toasted seeds, tahini, and cold‑pressed oils may help preserve more beneficial compounds than seeds exposed to extremely high heat for long periods.

How much might be useful?

Studies have used a wide range of doses, from a few grams of black sesame powder in capsules to several tablespoons of whole seeds each day.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.comHealth benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine

For everyday eating, many people aim for modest, sustainable amounts, such as 1–3 tablespoons per day, folded into meals and snacks. This may offer benefits without adding too many extra calories for most adults, but individual needs vary widely.

Because sesame seeds are energy‑dense, people who are watching their weight or calorie intake may want to keep serving sizes moderate and focus on swapping them in for less nutrient‑dense fats rather than just adding them on top of an already high‑calorie pattern.

Tips, cautions & common mistakes with sesame seeds

Safety: who may need to be careful

Sesame seeds are widely eaten, but certain groups may want tailored advice from a healthcare professional:

  • People with sesame allergy: Sesame is a known allergen; reactions may be severe. Anyone with a suspected or confirmed sesame allergy should avoid sesame in all forms and follow their allergist’s guidance.
  • People on blood pressure or cholesterol medications: Because sesame may slightly influence blood pressure and blood lipids, it is sensible to let your clinician know if you plan to add large quantities or supplements.
  • People with digestive issues: Whole seeds and higher fiber intake may aggravate symptoms for some people with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or strictures; individualized advice is important.
  • People taking blood‑thinning medications: Sesame seeds provide vitamin E and other bioactive compounds. While typical food amounts are usually considered safe, anyone on anticoagulants may wish to discuss consistent intake with their clinician.

Most research so far has focused on foods or supplements in adults. People who are pregnant, breastfeeding, elderly, or managing multiple health conditions may prefer to start with very small food amounts and get personalized guidance.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Relying on sesame seeds alone: Even promising superfoods cannot replace overall dietary patterns, physical activity, sleep, stress management, or prescribed medication.
  • Overdoing portions: A large daily intake of seeds or oils can add more calories than expected, which may counter certain health goals.
  • Ignoring added salt or sugar: Some sesame snacks are heavily salted or sweetened. For heart health, it may help to choose lightly seasoned seeds or use pure tahini.
  • Assuming supplements are risk‑free: Concentrated sesamin capsules may behave differently from whole foods. Many people prefer to start with food‑based sources unless a clinician advises otherwise.

A gentle conclusion

For many people, sesame seeds are an easy, flavorful way to bring more heart‑friendly fats, minerals, and antioxidants into daily meals. Research suggests they may nudge blood pressure and cholesterol in a positive direction when they are part of a broader lifestyle focused on whole foods and regular movement.

Used thoughtfully, these ancient seeds can be a small, enjoyable part of a modern wellness routine—sprinkled, stirred, or blended into the dishes you already love.

FAQ about sesame seeds, blood pressure & cholesterol

Do sesame seeds really lower blood pressure?

Studies suggest that compounds in sesame, especially sesamin and magnesium, may help reduce blood pressure by a small amount in some people.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.comHealth benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine However, sesame seeds are generally seen as a supportive food, not a substitute for prescribed blood pressure treatment.

Can sesame seeds lower cholesterol on their own?

Sesame seeds contain phytosterols, lignans, fiber, and healthy fats that may help support lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides when eaten regularly as part of a heart‑supportive diet.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com For significant cholesterol concerns, people usually need a combination of broader diet changes, movement, and medical care.

Are black sesame seeds better than white sesame seeds for heart health?

Black sesame seeds are often promoted for higher antioxidant levels and a slightly different flavor profile, and some early research hints at potential heart‑health benefits.Black Sesame Seeds: Evidence-Based Health Benefits – News-Medical.net That said, both hulled and unhulled white or brown sesame seeds can contribute helpful fats, minerals, and phytosterols.

Is tahini as healthy as whole sesame seeds?

Tahini is made from ground sesame seeds, so it generally retains many of the same fats, lignans, and minerals. The main difference is serving size and how it is used—tahini is easy to eat in larger amounts quickly, so some people choose modest portions and pair it with vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.

How much sesame is safe to eat daily?

There is no single “right” amount for everyone. Many people do well with one to a few tablespoons of seeds or a couple of spoonfuls of tahini spread across meals, while paying attention to overall calories and any digestive feedback. Those with allergies, complex medical conditions, or on multiple medications may want to ask a clinician before making large, regular increases.

Can I stop my blood pressure or cholesterol medication if I eat sesame seeds?

Stopping or changing medication without medical guidance may be risky. Sesame seeds may complement, not replace, prescribed treatments. Any adjustments to medications or supplements are safest when made together with your prescribing clinician, using blood pressure measurements and lab tests to guide decisions.

Safety & sources

This article is for general informational purposes and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It may not cover individual differences, drug interactions, or all potential side effects. People with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or other health conditions may wish to work with a qualified healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or physician, before making significant dietary or supplement changes.

For deeper reading and to explore the evidence behind sesame seeds and cardiovascular health, consider resources such as:

Quantitative note: WebMD reports that sesame seeds have about 202 milligrams of phytosterols per ounce, one of the highest levels among seeds and nuts commonly eaten in the United States.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com

About the author

This article was prepared for The Rike blog as an educational overview of sesame seeds and heart‑related wellness, weaving together current nutrition research with practical, everyday tips. It is intended to support informed conversations between readers and their healthcare teams, not to replace professional medical advice.

Sesame seeds show up on burger buns and in tahini, but many people don’t realize these tiny seeds may play a quiet supporting role in heart health. This guide explains how sesame seeds may help with blood pressure and cholesterol, how to use them in everyday meals, and what to consider for safety and balance.

Sesame seeds, blood pressure & cholesterol: context and common issues

Small bowl of mixed black and white sesame seeds on a wooden surface

High blood pressure and unhealthy cholesterol patterns are two of the most important risk factors for heart disease and stroke. Many people look for food‑first strategies to support their numbers alongside medical care, and nutrient‑dense seeds like sesame have become a popular option.

According to a review on sesamin, a major lignan in sesame, supplements or sesame‑rich diets have been associated with modest reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, as well as decreases in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in various human and animal studies.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine Nutrition analyses also show that sesame seeds provide healthy fats, fiber, and minerals such as magnesium that are all relevant to heart and vascular health.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com

Expert insight: “Even small improvements in blood pressure and cholesterol from lifestyle changes may translate into meaningful reductions in cardiovascular risk over time when combined with standard care,” notes Dr. Michael Greger, physician and founder of NutritionFacts.org, discussing dietary sources of sesamin and phytosterols.

At the same time, sesame seeds are calorie‑dense, can trigger allergies in some people, and do not replace prescribed medications. They work best as one supportive piece of an overall eating pattern rich in plants, movement, and medical follow‑up.

Key terms to know

Blood pressure: The force of blood pushing against artery walls. High blood pressure increases strain on the heart and vessels.

Cholesterol: A waxy substance in the blood. The body needs some, but high levels of LDL (often called “bad” cholesterol) are linked with artery plaque.

Triglycerides: A type of fat in the blood. Elevated levels may raise heart disease risk.

Lignans: Plant compounds in sesame seeds (such as sesamin) with antioxidant and potential heart‑supportive effects.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine

Phytosterols: Plant sterols that resemble cholesterol and may help reduce cholesterol absorption in the gut.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com

How sesame seeds may support blood pressure & cholesterol

Bowl of hummus topped with olive oil and sesame seeds, highlighting tahini as a sesame-based food

Nutrients and compounds that may help

Sesame seeds pack several nutrients linked with cardiovascular support:

What the research suggests about blood pressure

Clinical and experimental studies highlight several potential blood pressure benefits:

  • Healthline summarizes that sesame seeds are rich in magnesium and antioxidants such as lignans and vitamin E, which may help maintain healthy blood pressure and reduce arterial plaque formation.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com
  • A review of sesamin reports that this compound has been shown to lower both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in animal models and in small human studies, including people with conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine
  • NutritionFacts.org notes that adding sesame seeds to the diet lowered blood pressure “a few points” in human trials, and highlights that even this modest shift may correspond to a noticeable reduction in stroke and heart attack risk on a population level.Sesame seeds – NutritionFacts.org

One review emphasizes that even a 2–3 mmHg drop in blood pressure may translate into fewer cardiovascular events when seen across large groups of people.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine Still, individual responses to sesame seeds vary, and the effect size in everyday life may be small.

What the research suggests about cholesterol and triglycerides

Sesame seeds’ relationship with cholesterol centers on their fats, lignans, and phytosterols:

  • Healthline describes a study where people with high blood lipids who ate several tablespoons of hulled sesame seeds daily saw meaningful reductions in LDL cholesterol and triglycerides compared with a control group.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com
  • A review in the National Library of Medicine notes that sesamin may inhibit cholesterol absorption and synthesis, and sesame oil reduced LDL cholesterol and triglycerides in animal models, while also reducing inflammatory markers related to atherosclerosis.Health benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine
  • WebMD highlights that sesame seeds have a particularly high phytosterol content, and that these plant sterols can help lower cholesterol by competing with dietary cholesterol for absorption in the digestive tract.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com

All of this supports the idea that sesame seeds may play a small but helpful role in a cholesterol‑friendly eating pattern that already includes plenty of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, and other seeds and nuts.

Other wellness benefits that may matter

Beyond blood pressure and cholesterol, sesame seeds may offer additional health‑supportive properties:

These wider effects may indirectly support heart health as part of an overall lifestyle that reduces inflammation and oxidative stress.

How to use sesame seeds for everyday support

Types of sesame seeds and products

People use sesame seeds in many forms:

  • Whole sesame seeds: White, brown, or black varieties; can be hulled (outer shell removed) or unhulled (with the bran‑rich hull).
  • Toasted sesame seeds: Roasting deepens flavor but very high heat may reduce some heat‑sensitive nutrients.
  • Sesame oil: Used in small amounts for flavor and cooking; typically filtered and more concentrated in fat‑soluble compounds.
  • Tahini: A smooth paste made from ground sesame seeds, often used in dips and dressings.
  • Sesame‑based seasonings: Blends like gomasio or spice mixes that combine sesame with salt and herbs.

Black sesame seeds, in particular, are sometimes highlighted for higher antioxidant levels and traditional use in rituals and herbal practices, though research is still emerging.Black Sesame Seeds: Evidence-Based Health Benefits – News-Medical.net

Simple ways to add sesame seeds to your meals

Here are accessible ways many people incorporate sesame seeds into their diet:

  • Sprinkle toasted sesame seeds over steamed vegetables, stir‑fries, or grain bowls.
  • Whisk tahini with lemon, garlic, and water for a creamy, dairy‑free salad dressing or dip.
  • Stir a spoonful of sesame seeds into oatmeal or yogurt along with fruit for extra texture and healthy fats.
  • Use a sesame and herb crust on baked fish, tofu, or tempeh instead of a breaded coating.
  • Mix sesame seeds into homemade granola or energy bites for a nutrient‑dense snack.

Whole or lightly toasted seeds, tahini, and cold‑pressed oils may help preserve more beneficial compounds than seeds exposed to extremely high heat for long periods.

How much might be useful?

Studies have used a wide range of doses, from a few grams of black sesame powder in capsules to several tablespoons of whole seeds each day.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.comHealth benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine

For everyday eating, many people aim for modest, sustainable amounts, such as 1–3 tablespoons per day, folded into meals and snacks. This may offer benefits without adding too many extra calories for most adults, but individual needs vary widely.

Because sesame seeds are energy‑dense, people who are watching their weight or calorie intake may want to keep serving sizes moderate and focus on swapping them in for less nutrient‑dense fats rather than just adding them on top of an already high‑calorie pattern.

Tips, cautions & common mistakes with sesame seeds

Safety: who may need to be careful

Sesame seeds are widely eaten, but certain groups may want tailored advice from a healthcare professional:

  • People with sesame allergy: Sesame is a known allergen; reactions may be severe. Anyone with a suspected or confirmed sesame allergy should avoid sesame in all forms and follow their allergist’s guidance.
  • People on blood pressure or cholesterol medications: Because sesame may slightly influence blood pressure and blood lipids, it is sensible to let your clinician know if you plan to add large quantities or supplements.
  • People with digestive issues: Whole seeds and higher fiber intake may aggravate symptoms for some people with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or strictures; individualized advice is important.
  • People taking blood‑thinning medications: Sesame seeds provide vitamin E and other bioactive compounds. While typical food amounts are usually considered safe, anyone on anticoagulants may wish to discuss consistent intake with their clinician.

Most research so far has focused on foods or supplements in adults. People who are pregnant, breastfeeding, elderly, or managing multiple health conditions may prefer to start with very small food amounts and get personalized guidance.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Relying on sesame seeds alone: Even promising superfoods cannot replace overall dietary patterns, physical activity, sleep, stress management, or prescribed medication.
  • Overdoing portions: A large daily intake of seeds or oils can add more calories than expected, which may counter certain health goals.
  • Ignoring added salt or sugar: Some sesame snacks are heavily salted or sweetened. For heart health, it may help to choose lightly seasoned seeds or use pure tahini.
  • Assuming supplements are risk‑free: Concentrated sesamin capsules may behave differently from whole foods. Many people prefer to start with food‑based sources unless a clinician advises otherwise.

A gentle conclusion

For many people, sesame seeds are an easy, flavorful way to bring more heart‑friendly fats, minerals, and antioxidants into daily meals. Research suggests they may nudge blood pressure and cholesterol in a positive direction when they are part of a broader lifestyle focused on whole foods and regular movement.

Used thoughtfully, these ancient seeds can be a small, enjoyable part of a modern wellness routine—sprinkled, stirred, or blended into the dishes you already love.

FAQ about sesame seeds, blood pressure & cholesterol

Do sesame seeds really lower blood pressure?

Studies suggest that compounds in sesame, especially sesamin and magnesium, may help reduce blood pressure by a small amount in some people.15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.comHealth benefits of sesamin – National Library of Medicine However, sesame seeds are generally seen as a supportive food, not a substitute for prescribed blood pressure treatment.

Can sesame seeds lower cholesterol on their own?

Sesame seeds contain phytosterols, lignans, fiber, and healthy fats that may help support lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides when eaten regularly as part of a heart‑supportive diet.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com15 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Sesame Seeds – Healthline.com For significant cholesterol concerns, people usually need a combination of broader diet changes, movement, and medical care.

Are black sesame seeds better than white sesame seeds for heart health?

Black sesame seeds are often promoted for higher antioxidant levels and a slightly different flavor profile, and some early research hints at potential heart‑health benefits.Black Sesame Seeds: Evidence-Based Health Benefits – News-Medical.net That said, both hulled and unhulled white or brown sesame seeds can contribute helpful fats, minerals, and phytosterols.

Is tahini as healthy as whole sesame seeds?

Tahini is made from ground sesame seeds, so it generally retains many of the same fats, lignans, and minerals. The main difference is serving size and how it is used—tahini is easy to eat in larger amounts quickly, so some people choose modest portions and pair it with vegetables, legumes, and whole grains.

How much sesame is safe to eat daily?

There is no single “right” amount for everyone. Many people do well with one to a few tablespoons of seeds or a couple of spoonfuls of tahini spread across meals, while paying attention to overall calories and any digestive feedback. Those with allergies, complex medical conditions, or on multiple medications may want to ask a clinician before making large, regular increases.

Can I stop my blood pressure or cholesterol medication if I eat sesame seeds?

Stopping or changing medication without medical guidance may be risky. Sesame seeds may complement, not replace, prescribed treatments. Any adjustments to medications or supplements are safest when made together with your prescribing clinician, using blood pressure measurements and lab tests to guide decisions.

Safety & sources

This article is for general informational purposes and does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. It may not cover individual differences, drug interactions, or all potential side effects. People with high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or other health conditions may wish to work with a qualified healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or physician, before making significant dietary or supplement changes.

For deeper reading and to explore the evidence behind sesame seeds and cardiovascular health, consider resources such as:

Quantitative note: WebMD reports that sesame seeds have about 202 milligrams of phytosterols per ounce, one of the highest levels among seeds and nuts commonly eaten in the United States.Health Benefits of Sesame Seeds – WebMD.com

About the author

This article was prepared for The Rike blog as an educational overview of sesame seeds and heart‑related wellness, weaving together current nutrition research with practical, everyday tips. It is intended to support informed conversations between readers and their healthcare teams, not to replace professional medical advice.


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